CT600 losses and how to carry them back

Carrying back company trading losses

A company incurring a trading loss in an accounting period can make a claim to offset the loss against total profits of the previous 12 months after first having set the losses against any profits of the accounting period in which the loss occurred.

The Budget 2021 and Finance Bill has introduced a extended loss carry back for businesses subject to income and corporation tax, giving the opportunity to make the most of any trading losses related to the pandemic.

Trade loss carry back is extended from the current 1 year entitlement to a period of 3 years, with losses being carried back against later years first. This extension will apply to trading losses made by companies in accounting periods ending between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2022. 

The amount of trading losses that can be carried back to the preceding year remains unlimited for companies. After carry back to the preceding year, a maximum of £2,000,000 of unused losses will be available for carry back against profits of the same trade to the earlier two years. This £2,000,000 limit applies separately to the unused losses of each twelve month period within the duration of the extension.

Extended loss carry back claims will be required to be made in a return, however, claims below £200,000 may be made outside a return. This means that any stand-alone or group company with losses capable of providing relief up to a maximum of £200,000 may make a claim in respect of a relevant accounting period without having to wait to submit its company tax return. You can find out how to claim in these circumstances in HMRC's guidance: Extended Loss Carry Back for Business.

If the company has ceased trading, there are further requirements for Claiming Terminal loss Relief.

How to claim loss relief on a CT600

HMRC claims that as long as box 45 for 'Claim or relief affecting an earlier period' is ticked on the current year return, and the computations contain details of the loss being carried back, you should not need to re-file the amendment for the earlier year.  This being said, customers have previously reported that although these have been completed, the repayment has not been issued and therefore an amendment of the earlier year, or a follow up letter was required to progress the repayment. How you make the claim will depend on how far back you wish to carry back the loss. For more information on timescales of filing amendments, please see the article for What tax years can I file online?

Entries to make for the current return period in which the losses have arisen (V3 form 2023)

HMRC Forms Mode: 

1. Within the CT600 > Go to CT600 Core > Page 1 > Tick Box 45

2. Go to CT600 Core > Computations > Losses, Management Expenses, NTLRDs and NTLIFA’s >Trading Losses > Insert the loss in the box for ‘‘Carried back against profits of a previous period’’

This will ensure the loss amount to carry back is included in the computations, as required by HMRC.

SimpleStep Mode:

1. Go to Finalising the return

2.Tick the box for an earlier period

 3. Go to CT600 Core > Losses, Management expenses, NTLRDs, NTLIFAs > Trading losses.  Insert the loss in the box for ‘‘Carried back against profits of a previous period’’. The screen appears as it does for HMRC mode shown above.

Please note:

Once these entries are completed, you may then process the current period submission as usual. In theory, this should satisfy HMRC requirements as explained but you may wish to send more information to ensure the claim is processed correctly. If the period being amended for the losses being carried back, falls outside of the amended return online filing window, you may still amend the return to send to HMRC as a paper return, alternatively, you can write to them with the details of the loss, (explained at the end of this article).

If you would like to process an amendment for the earlier year, please complete the entries as described below. Instructions are given for version 3 of the CT600, relevant for periods starting on or after 1 April 2015.

Entries to make for the previous year return period(s) in which loss relief is being claimed: 

HMRC Forms mode (Version 3)

1. Go to CT600 Core > Core > Page 1 > Tick Box 40 'A repayment is due for this return period'
2. Go to CT600 Core > Core > Page 6 > Insert the corporation tax previously paid, into Box 595 'Tax already paid (and not already repaid)'
3. Go to CT600 Core > Computations > Losses, Management Expenses, NTLRDs and NTLIFAs > Trading Losses > Insert the loss in the box for ‘’Trading losses of a later accounting period utilised’’
4. Complete the additional boxes on CT600 Core > Page 10 and as appropriate
5. If you want to add any notes which would usually be covered in an additional information box, please click on: Computation Management > Edit Notes > Select the location where you want to place the information save this as required

Simple Step mode (Version 3)

1. Go to CT600 Core > Losses, Management Expenses, NTLRDs and NTLIFAs > Trading Losses > Insert the loss in the box for ‘’Trading losses of a later accounting period utilised’’
2. Go to Tax reconciliation and insert the corporation tax previously paid into Box 595 'Tax already paid(and not already repaid)'
3. Go to Overpayments and repayments, then complete this section as appropriate
4. Go to Finalising the return and tick the box for 'this return period?'
5. If you want to add any notes (that would usually be covered in an additional information box): Please go to Computation Management > Edit Notes > Select the location where you want to place the information save this as required
6. Re-submit a full return for a refund of the difference in Corporation Tax – for instructions on how to submit an amended return please see the following knowledge-based article: How do I resubmit a return or file an amended return?

Alternative to sending an amended paper return if the filing window has closed

If the window for amendment of the previous return has closed, (In excess of 12 months after the filing deadline) you can write to your company's Corporation Tax office including the below:

• The name of your company or organisation
• The period when the loss is made
• The amount of the loss
• How the loss is to be used

For further information, please the HMRC claiming a loss.